How Do Children Learn How to Read Scholar

How to teach children to read

Teaching children to read is ane of the almost complicated, arduous and time-consuming parts of teaching English. There're many approaches to instruction to read nowadays. However, I'll focus on two popular and constructive methods: Phonics and "Look and say".

Phonics

Phonics is a method of instruction young learners how to read which focuses on how messages make sounds, and how these sounds make words. This approach is not meaning focused, information technology is only about decoding and pronunciation. Teachers are to put accuracy earlier speed considering fluency (i.e. speed, accuracy, expression, and comprehension) volition come up with time.

Phonics is the written report of the human relationship betwixt the spoken and written language, i.due east. phonemic awareness and letter shape. Each letter or combination of letters represents a sound or sounds. The information is codified, as we must be able to recognise which symbols make which sounds in order to read. Children are taught 44 letter sounds, which is a mix of alphabet sounds:

• character (1 sound – one letter, e.g. c, t, a )
• digraphs (1 sound – two letters, east.thou. sh, thursday, ai, ue )
• trigraphs (i sound — 3 letters, due east.g. ght )

This information is found in the Alphabetic Code .  There's no 1 club you choose to teach phonics, just information technology's definitely better to go from unproblematic to more complex phonics.

"Phonics involves the teaching of the transparent alphabet (e.1000. /k/ as in «cat») before progressing onto the "opaque" alphabet (due east.one thousand. /1000/ as in «school»). In other words, children are taught steps which are straightforward and piece of cake before beingness taught the complications and variations of pronunciation and spelling of the total alphabetic code"(© Wikipedia ).

Therefore children are first taught graphemes and high-frequency tricky words, then digraphs and trigraphs; then less frequency tricky words. Moreover, it's better to base of operations phonics on the target vocabulary, so phonics are non separated from the master course and children learn as they proceed.

What are tricky words?

These are some words which don't follow easily recognisable patterns. Children have to learn these words in their entirety, by sight. Native speakers learn a lot of these at schoolhouse through poetry, so one way to teach them is to say a give-and-take that rhymes with the tricky word (for case, "shoe" rhymes with "zoo" and "fundamental" rhymes with "tree"). Another practiced way to practise them is flashcard-blazon games.

When a child is learning to read at that place are crucial things to learn:

• how the sounds are represented by written messages;
• how to blend (synthesise) the sounds together to make words;
• how to segment for spelling (due east.g. spell your name).

Children are taught to read letters or groups of letters past proverb the audio(s) they stand for. For example, how to teach the word "true cat" using the Phonics method.

1. Say the sound [k].
2. Have the student echo the sound.
3. Say the whole discussion, "cat" [kæt].
4. Tell the student to echo the whole word.
5. Say another words that first with [g]: "cake", "cup", "coke".
6. Prepare flashcards with different pictures. Say the words for the pupil to listen and choose the words with the audio [grand] (to exercise sound recognition)
7. Tell the pupil to write the letter of the alphabet, then the word. (to practise tracing and alphabetic character recognition)

Teachers have to read a full range of target vocabulary, sentences, comic strips, literature with the children and ensure that students have a full range of experience of activities associated with literacy such as role play, chants, songs, verse, but children are not expected to 'read' text which is beyond them, and the method does non involve guessing the meaning from context, movie, and initial alphabetic character clues. If students do not know or cannot read, a instructor reads for them.

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Pros of Phonics:

• Students acquire sounds.
• They larn to read stride by step.
• Information technology's more comprehensible, consequent and based on Lexis.
• Children tin read the words they don't know if they know the sounds spelling

Cons of Phonics:

• Students cannot offset reading until they learn enough sounds.
• They can read just the words with the sounds they know.
• It tin can have a long fourth dimension.
• This approach is not comprehension-focused.

Look and say

Phonics tin be compared with the whole word , or 'Look and say' approach, which focuses on recognising words. This is a method of teaching reading based on the visual recognition and memorizing of words rather than by the clan of sounds and messages.

For example, using a "Look and say" arroyo a child may be shown the discussion "cat" on a flashcard and is told, "cat". The child, over time, then learns that when they see the symbol "cat", they are to say the word "true cat". This way English becomes kind of a logographic language, that has thousands of detailed symbols that correspond individual words.

Moving picture-words or sight words account for up to 75% of the words used in starting time children'south print materials. Sight word lists have been compiled based on high-frequency words, for instance, the Dolch word listing. These words are divided into levels which are prioritised and introduced to children according to a frequency of appearance in beginning readers' texts.

Pros of "Look and say":

• Children learn high frequency and easy words fast.
• Students learnt how to read "similar" new words by association and word recognition. For instance, "cat", "bat", "rat". Children recognize words automatically, as a result, a commencement reader volition be able to place the bulk of words in a beginning text earlier they even attempt to read it (in phonics approach they see the similar letter sounds, when in "Expect and say" they see the similar symbols).
• It allows children to concentrate on meaning and comprehension as they read without having to stop and decode every unmarried discussion.
• It helps to learn tricky words with unusual spelling, every bit they cannot exist sounded out using basic phonics knowledge.

Cons of "Look and say":

• Children are required to memorise thousands of words and cannot decode new words they come up across independently. Instead of having to remember only 26 letters and their matching phonemes, children have to utilise their retentivity space to think each and every word as a symbol.
• Children may be stuck in reading if they don't know how to read certain messages.
• Students may have difficulties with spelling.
• You ever need an image: pictures or miming which doesn't work well for abstract things of sure phrases.

Based on the information higher up I would recommend combining both methods to make teaching reading more productive, comprehensible, logical and consequent.

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Source: https://skyteach.ru/2018/11/29/how-to-teach-children-to-read/

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